History of iran

History of iran. Reza Khan, a military officer in Persia’s Cossack Brigade, names himself shah of Persia after successfully staging a The eight-year-long Iran–Iraq War (September 1980 – August 1988, known as The Imposed War in Iran [98]) was the most important international event for the first decade of the Islamic Republic and possibly for its history so far. 100,000 BC) and ends roughly at the start of the 1st millennium BC; (2) the protohistoric period that covers approximately the first half of the 1st millennium BC; and (3) the period In 1501 the Ṣafavid dynasty was established and lasted until 1736. Shows This Day In History Schedule The Iranian calendars or Iranian chronology ( Persian: گاه‌شماری ایرانی, Gâh-Şomâriye Irâni) are a succession of calendars created and used for over two millennia in Iran, also known as Persia. political scandal in which the National Security Council became involved in secret weapons transactions with Iran, covert support of the Nicaraguan contras, and other activities that either were prohibited by the U. For the history of ancient Persia from prehistory to circa 330 BCE see: Category: Ancient Persia (including the Persian Empire to its conquest by Alexander the Great) For the history of Persia from the ancient Greek and Roman era through the 19th century, circa 330 BCE to 1925 Iran - Persian Empire, Middle East, Shiite Islam: Outwardly, with a swiftly expanding economy and a rapidly modernizing infrastructure, everything was going well in Iran. Topographically, it is predominantly located on the Persian Plateau. 1989 November - The US releases 567 million dollars of frozen Iranian assets. E. Under the leadership of Cyrus the Great, Persia ruled the world's first true empire, centered in Iran and stretching from Europe to Egypt to India. Reza Khan ( see Reza Shah Pahlavi) seized power in a coup (1921). From the U. Iran has been a quasi-theocracy since the Islamic Revolution of 1979, which deposed Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. Feb 12, 2010 · Timeline: A Modern History of Iran. Ērān, from OIr. Room 52 highlights these ancient interconnections and the rise of distinctive local cultures, such as in Luristan Persian art or Iranian art ( Persian: هنر ایرانی, romanized : Honar-è Irâni) has one of the richest art heritages in world history and has been strong in many media including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and sculpture. Title. Much of Iran is cut off from the outside world by a Sep 6, 2023 · Some key dates in Iran's recent history: 1794 - Mohammad Khan Qajar seizes power and founds the Qajar dynasty. Because of their participation in cuneiform culture, the Elamites According to the Islamic Republic's 2016 census [12] almost all of Iran's 89 million as of 2023 population are Muslims with 99% reporting that they are Muslim. The Proto-Iranians are believed to have emerged as a separate branch of the Indo-Iranians in Central Asia around the mid-2nd millennium BC. [13] with 88% adhering to Shia Islam, which an overwhelming majority of those following the Twelver branch of Shia Islam. The first Persian The page details the timeline of History of Iran. The empire was destroyed by the Arabs in the 7th century. [11] [12] Queen-mother Mahd-e Olia: 5 September 1848 – 1 October 1848. Largely credited to its historically unchanged geographical and geopolitical condition, the modern-day Islamic Republic of Iran (historically known as Persia) has had a long and checkered military culture and history; ranging from triumphant and unchallenged ancient military The Tawhid is an emblem of Iran. Slaves are attested [1] in the cuneiform record of the ancient Elamites, a non-Persian people who inhabited modern southwestern Iran, including the ancient cities of Anshan and Susa, and who were eventually incorporated into the Achaemenid Empire. p. [16] Iran's ethnic diversity means that the languages of Iran come from a number of linguistic origins, although the primary language spoken and used is Persian. The advent of Islam (640–829) Iran is one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the Elamites in the fourth millennium BC. 1921 - Military commander Reza Khan seizes power and is later crowned Reza Shah The Iranian languages, alternately called the Iranic languages, [1] [2] are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau . Browse All Items 896 items. It happened to coincide at a time during which the shah’s rule became increasingly dictatorial, as well as a time when vast sums of money were flowing into Iranian coffers following the 1973 Arab oil embargo Feb 13, 2024 · Persia, historic region of southwestern Asia associated with the area that is now modern Iran. Since 2011, it has been the nemesis of the U. The years of the Pahlavi dynasty, however — especially the reign of Muhammad Reza Shah (1941-1979) — are often considered a “Golden Age” for Iranian Jewry. Limit your search. The book, a Yale university press publication, is an enlightening read but only for the truly devoted disciples of history, owing to its comprehensive nature. Chronology of Iranian History Part 1. The use of the name was gradually extended by the ancient Greeks and other peoples to apply The Iranian Revolution, also called Islamic Revolution, Enelāb-e Eslāmī (in Farsi), was a popular uprising in the Muslim majority country of Iran in 1978–79 that resulted in the toppling of the authoritarian government led by the Shah of Iran, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, on February 11, 1979. It rattled the region by exporting its zealous ideology; it sired or sponsored militant allies from Lebanon to the Gulf. Iranian nationalism and art experienced a renaissance under their empire, architecture took on grandiose proportions, and Zoroastrianism enjoyed official status as the state religion. C. 05–dc22 2008005641 ISBN978-0-521-82139-1 ISBN978-0-521-52891-7 Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of In 1981 Iraq invaded Iran in an effort to overthrow the Islamic Republic. and Iran have a complicated history dating back decades. The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities. Iranian Revolution, popular uprising in 1978–79 that resulted in the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an Islamic republic. One group settled in Anatolia and India. From his son Teispes two lines of kings descended. Panning horizontally striped green-white-red national flag with a red design (a stylized coat of arms) in the centre and Arabic inscriptions along the edges of the stripes. to the 20th century A. A27 2008 955. D. Geographically, the country of Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman. Feb 22, 2017 · One of the oldest historical monuments in Tehran, the palace was the former royal complex of the Qajar dynasty. The sense that in both agriculture and industry too much had been Ancient Iranian religion - Zoroastrianism, Mithraism, Ahura Mazda: During the second half of the 2nd millennium bce, two groups of culturally and linguistically related peoples who called themselves arya (“nobles”) migrated from the steppes down into the Middle East, the Iranian plateau, and the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. On June 1, Mojtaba Zonoor, the head of Iran’s parliamentary national security committee, said that 230 Iraq - Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein, Invasion: Relations with Iran had grown increasingly strained after the shah was overthrown in 1979. But in little more than a generation, Iran had changed from a traditional, conservative, and rural society to one that was industrial, modern, and urban. 1990 Iranian monarchism is the advocacy of restoring the monarchy in Iran, which was abolished after the 1979 Revolution. [1] The population of Iran includes many Jul 12, 2017 · But slavery in Iran spanned two major periods, Mirzai discovered: the Qajar dynasty (1795-1925) and the early years of the Pahlavi dynasty (1925-1979). Includes bibliographical references and index. The Ottoman–Persian Wars or Ottoman–Iranian Wars were a series of wars between Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar dynasties of Iran ( Persia) through the 16th–19th centuries. Pretender (s) Reza Pahlavi. The flag has a width-to-length ratio of 4 to 7. This section provides a concise introduction to the history of Iran from its beginnings to modern times. *Aryānām “of the Aryans” [see ARYANS ]), name of the modern political state, also used, as noun or adjective (e. Mosaddeq came to prominence in Iran in 1951 when he was appointed premier. Hasht Behesht. The war dragged on for eight bloody years, diminishing much of Iran's resources and capital, but at the end of the 20th century, the Islamic Republic was established and the long history of monarchy in Iran was at an end. to 331 B. Estimates of total casualties range from one million to twice that number. Eṣfahān first thrived under Feb 10, 2017 · 1. The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( Persian: مشروطیت, romanized : Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه [10] Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh ), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911 [11] during the Qajar dynasty. S. Mar 7, 2024 · Eṣfahān, Iran, designated a World Heritage site in 1979. 100,000 Cave deposits in the Zagros mountains of western Iran show evidence of human habitation dated to the Middle Paleolithic times. [8] The motif, which combines "ancient Iranian, Arab, Turkish, and Mongol traditions", became a popular symbol Mar 7, 2024 · Sasanian dynasty, ancient Iranian dynasty that followed the Parthian dynasty. The Taliban, which seized power from Afghan warlords in the mid-1990s, ruled until the U. In 1779, following the death of Moḥammad Karīm Khān Zand, the Zand dynasty ruler of southern Iran, Āghā Moḥammad Khān (reigned 1779–97), a leader of the Turkmen Qājār tribe, set out to reunify Iran. was established in 1990 as an independent not-for-profit 501(c)(3) public foundation registered in New York State. Lur people speak the Luri language and inhabit parts of west – south western Iran. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran asserts that the Persian language alone must be used for schooling and for all official government communications. Its history dates back to at least 5,000 BC Nov 29, 2022 · The tulip motif at the center of today’s flag is a relatively new addition—and took the place of one of Iran’s most beloved emblems, the Lion and Sun, or Shir o Khorshid. In a radical reappraisal of Iran's modern history, Ervand Abrahamian traces the country's traumatic journey from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day, through the discovery of oil, imperial interventions, the rule of the Pahlavis, and the birth of the Islamic Republic. These reforms eventually redistributed land to some 2. The revolution led to the establishment of a parliament in Persia (Iran), [11 Iran consistently claimed that its nuclear program is purely for civilian purposes, and that it has no intention of ever utilizing its peaceful nuclear program to develop nuclear weapons. DS316. This set Iran on a cyclic path of demonstration, state violence Estimates of their number in Iran range from 70,000 to 500,000. In the five years before the revolution, 1974-79, oil revenues had exceeded one trillion dollars (in Iran had been a close ally of the United States in the 1950s and 1960s as well, but by the 1970s that alliance became much more robust. Iran - Politics, Religion, Society: Iran is a unitary Islamic republic with one legislative house. g. This photo of princes, children of officials Ottoman–Persian Wars. involvement in the shah’s 1953 coup of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddegh, to the Iran hostage crisis in 1979, to Mar 12, 2024 · Only four of the many modern Iranian languages are the official languages of the state in which they are spoken. The Iranians held the American diplomats hostage for 444 days. Genres of dance in Iran vary depending on the area, culture, and language of the local people, and can range from sophisticated reconstructions of refined court dances to energetic folk dances. Nov 13, 2009 · Iran remained a solid Cold War ally of the United States until a revolution ended the Shah’s rule in 1979. It helped to strengthen the revolution although it cost Iran much in lives and treasure. [citation needed] It makes up part of the Eurasian Plate, and is wedged between the Arabian Plate and the Indian Plate. Millennia: 1st BC · 1st–2nd · 3rd. At the head of both the state and oversight institutions is a ranking cleric known as the rahbar, or leader Room 52 celebrates Iran, which was a major centre of ancient culture. The term Persia was used for centuries, chiefly in the West, to designate those regions where Persian language and culture predominated, but it more correctly refers to a region of southern Iran. com History of Iran. ii. Unfortunately, many buildings in the complex were destroyed by Reza Shah between 1925 and 1945, as he felt Mar 14, 2019 · Such thinking immediately after the largest oil windfall in Iran’s history is not surprising. cm. The Lion and Sun motif is one of the better known emblems of Kingdom Of Persia, and between 1576 [citation needed] and 1979 was an element in the flag of Iran. On November 4, 1979, Iranian students seized the embassy and detained more than 50 Americans, ranging from the Chargé d’Affaires to the most junior members of the staff, as hostages. Homosexuality has been viewed as a sin in Islam, and is outlawed in almost all Muslim-majority countries, including Iran. Coat of arms of Persia (1907–1925) Official Lion and Sun emblem of Iran. Major earthquake kills thousands. Pers. 1958The Shah establishes SAVAK, the secret police that act against political dissenters. Appointer. Ruhollah Khomeini, the spiritual leader of the Iranian revolution, proclaimed his policy of . Influenced by the French Annales School, the author pays close attention to the continuity of deep structures in Iranian history and Iranian history; rather it is an entirely unconventional discourse on history by a historian who displays a great grip on the subject. The Imperial Iranian Air Force (IIAF) was a branch of the Imperial Iranian Armed Forces and was established by Reza Shah, the Shah of Iran, in 1920. At its height, it encompassed the areas of modern-day Iran, Egypt, Turkey, and parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. 8000 Evidence of the development of settled village agricultural life based on the domestication of animals and plants in Zagros region and sites such as Sarāb A group of radical Iranian college students takes fifty-two Americans hostage at the U. Congress or violated the stated government policy. 1921. 5 million families, established literacy and health corps to benefit Iran’s rural areas, further reduced the autonomy of tribal groups, and advanced 7,492 m (24,580 ft) ( Noshaq) The Iranian Plateau [1] or Persian Plateau [2] [3] is a geological feature spanning parts of Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. About 2,000 pilgrims were killed in the crush, more than 400 of them Iranians . Centuries: 7th BC · 6th BC · 5th BC · 4th BC · 3rd BC · 2nd BC · 1st BC · See also · References · Bibliography · External links. By 1794 he had eliminated all his. After its ouster, the Taliban returned to guerilla warfare. Feb 9, 2024 · Qājār dynasty, the ruling dynasty of Iran from 1794 to 1925. Armenians have lived for millennia in the territory that forms modern-day Iran. Historical background [ edit ] Iran first became a constitutional monarchy in 1906 under the Qajar dynasty , but underwent a period of autocracy during the years 1925–1941 during the rule of Reza Shah , who, after staging a Example of an iwan and muqarnas decoration at the entrance of the Shah Mosque in Isfahan (17th century) Iranian architecture or Persian architecture ( Persian: معمارى ایرانی, Me'māri e Irāni) is the architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Jan 6, 2020 · 1989 August - Ali Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani is sworn in as the new president. Iran means "Aryan" in Persian. 3. Golestan Palace. During the course of Iran's recent history, specifically during the Iran-Iraq war, Iran has experienced significant outages of its commercial electricity grid. Interviewee Ebtehaj Dances in Iran or Iranian dances ( Persian :رقص ایرانی) are dance styles indigenous to Iran. Iraq recognized Iran’s new Shiʿi Islamic government, but the Iranian leaders would have nothing to do with the Baʿath regime, which they denounced as secular. Designed by Hamid Nadimi, [3] and officially approved by Parliament and the Leader Grand Ayatollah Khomeini on 9 May 1980, this emblem is a Description. Jan 13, 2020 · The U. For the history of the region before the 7th century, see ancient Iran. [16] Most Lur are Shi’a. It came about as the culmination of decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an increasingly repressive regime. Jan 6, 2020 · A chronology of key events in Iran's history, from the first Persian Empire to the present Mar 1, 2024 · Ancient Iran, historic region of southwestern Asia that is only roughly coterminous with modern Iran. , “Iranian plateau”), as a geographical term. This strategic position—and its access to the Persian Gulf in the south—have made Iran an important country throughout its history. Decades later, the details of this watershed event—which redrew the geopolitical order in many Achaemenian Dynasty, (559–330 bce ), ancient Iranian dynasty whose kings founded and ruled the Achaemenian Empire. The entire complex consists of gardens, royal buildings, and a collection of Iranian crafts from the 18th and 19th centuries. 1963The White Revolution, initiated by the Shah and supported by President Kennedy According to Amnesty International, at least 304 people were killed during these protests. Updated 9:16 AM PDT, February 22, 2024. The Persian Empire emerged under the leadership of Cyrus II, who conquered the neighboring Median Empire ruled by his The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region. I. Sep 5, 2012 · The early history of Iran may be divided into three phases: (1) the prehistoric period which begins with the earliest evidence of humans on the Iranian plateau (c. Jan 25, 2018 · The Persian Empire is the name given to a series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran that spanned several centuries—from the sixth century B. See also. Eṣfahān is situated on the north bank of the Zāyandeh River at an elevation of about 5,200 feet (1,600 metres), roughly 210 miles (340 km) south of the capital city of Tehrān. But the advent of Ayatollah Khomeini and his conservative revolution in 1979 caused a drastic reverse in the progress of Iranian women. In pre-Islamic Iran, a tradition of homosexuality existed, however most were intolerant of pederasty and sexual activity between two men, especially the Aug 10, 2017 · The Iran-Contra Affair was a deal made by the Ronald Reagan administration which sent arms to Iran to secure the release of hostages and fund Nicaraguan rebels. Then, Alexander the Great took the country by fighting and the Arsacid dynasty of Persia later ruled. The first edition was named the Choice Outstanding Dec 15, 2004 · IRAN, New Persian Irān (Mid. Around 500 BC, present-day Iran was the center of the Persian Empire. Iran shares a border, along with historical and religious ties, with Iraq . Its mountains have impacted both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries. Haleh Esfandiari explains this A history of modern Iran / Ervand Abrahamian. It stunned the world by introducing Islam as a form of modern governance. c. It is the most extensive compendium ever conceived on the past and present culture of the Iranian peoples and their contribution to the broader history of human civilization. Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Iran. The Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE Iranian Oral History Project A unique resource for the study of modern Iranian history. The generally recognized periods of the country’s history are reviewed, and some of the major motifs or themes in the politics or culture of the various periods are discussed. [13] Abolqasem Naser ol-Molk: 24 September 1910 – 21 July 1914. Originally confined to ideas of social and natural order opposed by disorder and chaos, a dualistic ideology came to permeate all aspects of life. It also unnerved both East and West by defiantly challenging international Jun 14, 2018 · Since the 1990s, however, Iran has viewed Afghanistan as a haven for Sunni extremists. The chief of these is Persian (known in Persian as Fārsī), a West Iranian language and the national language of Iran, which is spoken by about 30,000,000 people as a native language. Niavaran Palace. Author: Richard Bulliet. IRANIAN HISTORY: AN OVERVIEW. The parliament of Iran, per the 1980 constitution, changed the flag and seal of state insofar as the Lion and Sun were replaced by the red emblem in the centre of the flag. [6] It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin, [7] but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman, [8] Georgian, [9] Circassian, [10] [11] and Pontic Greek [12] dignitaries, nevertheless they Mar 29, 2012 · IRAN. Sa'dabad Palace. The Ottomans consolidated their control of what is today Turkey in the 15th century, and gradually came into conflict Oct 19, 2023 · The Persian Empire, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, lasted from approximately 559 B. At different times, influences from the art of neighbouring civilizations The history of LGBT people in Iran spans thousands of years. Jan 6, 2020 · History's first superpower sprang from ancient Iran. [citation needed] Iran's first attempt to procure aircraft from the United States in the 1920s Iran portal. The term Persia was used for centuries and originated from a region of southern Iran formerly known as Persis, alternatively as Pārs or Parsa, modern Fārs. [citation needed] It became operational with its first fully trained pilots on February 25, 1925. and NATO intervention in 2001. [11] [17] They occupy Lorestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Khuzestan, Isfahan, Fars, Bushehr and Kuh-Gilu-Boir Ahmed provinces. One of the longest chronological records in human history, the Iranian calendar has been modified many times for administrative Mar 15, 2024 · Candidates for Iran’s parliament have started campaigning in the country’s first election since the 2022 crackdown on nationwide protests that followed the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini in police custody after she was detained for allegedly violating the strict headscarf law. 1 day ago · Bakhtiar went into hiding, eventually to find exile in France. Politics Feb 11, 2010 8:51 PM EST. This article lists the monarchs of Iran ( Persia) from the establishment of the Medes around 678 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. Dabashi notes that Iran served as a crucial logistical base for the American military during the US involvement in the Vietnam War (1956-1975) (123). Eṣfahān, capital of Eṣfahān province and major city of western Iran. Jan 24, 2019 · Iran’s Islamic Revolution shook the world in 1979, with currents that continue to be felt today. Jan 8, 2020 · Iran enjoys one of the richest historical lineages of any modern state stretching back several thousand years. Iran – History – 20th century. The country’s 1979 constitution put into place a mixed system of government, in which the executive, parliament, and judiciary are overseen by several bodies dominated by the clergy. This history can be broadly divided into three epochs: the pre-Islamic ancient period (c559 BC to 651 AD); the Islamic era (651 AD to 1800 AD); and the modern era, defined by its encounter with Western modernity from around 1800. ( Dari, a variant of the Persian language, is the lingua franca and an official language of History of Iran - 2. Iranian Arabs form 1-2% of Iran's population. While the courage of the American hostages in Tehran and of their families at home reflected the He was formally crowned as Shah during spring 1796 at the Mugan plain, on his return after the conquest of Tbilisi. Achaemenes (Persian Hakhamanish), the Achaemenians’ eponymous ancestor, is presumed to have lived early in the 7th century bce, but little is known of his life. See full list on britannica. Areas with a high concentration of them include Tabriz, Tehran, Salmas and Isfahan 's Jolfa (Nor Jugha) quarter . embassy in Tehran, demanding that the United States extradite the shah. Slavery in Pre-Achaemenid Iran. Fighting was ended by a 1988 cease-fire, though the resumption of normal diplomatic relations and the withdrawal of troops did not take place until 1990. Iran: A Modern History, Abbas Amanat, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017, ISBN 9780300112542 (hbk), 979 pp. ISBN 978-0-521-82139-1 1. A dialect of Persian known as Dari is recognized Oct 30, 2019 · These opponents of Iran’s current government have responded with a revisionist history—put forward by writers such as the retired Pahlavi-era Iranian diplomat, Darioush Bayandor, and the These decades saw the opening of Iran to the international art scene, as local artists participated in art fairs, including five Tehran Biennials (1958–66), founded galleries (the Apadana, the Seyhoun, and the Borghese), courted local supporters (the Pahlavi Foundation and the Ministry of Art and Culture), and eventually foreign collectors Mar 10, 2023 · Iran accused the Saudi government of mismanaging the most important event in the Muslim calendar. Abbas Amanat’s latest book is a lucid narrative of more than 500 years of Iranian history. The most prominent and unique feature of ancient Iranian religion was the development of dualism, primarily expressed in the opposition of truth ( arta) and falsehood ( drug, drauga ). Shah Mosque, Isfahan. His son Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi alienated religious leaders with a The White Revolution, a far more ambitious program of social, political, and economic reform, was put to a plebiscite and ratified in 1963. Nov 22, 2022 · Security forces began killing protesters, who would then observe a 40-day mourning period in accordance with Shia Muslim tradition. It was first unified by the Medes in the seventh century BC and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, one of the largest empires in antiquity. The plateau is situated between the Zagros Mountains to the The Iran crisis of 1946, also known as the Azerbaijan Crisis ( Persian: غائلهٔ آذربایجان, romanized : Qā'ele-ye Āzarbāyejān) in the Iranian sources, was one of the first crises of the Cold War, sparked by the refusal of Joseph Stalin 's Soviet Union to relinquish occupied Iranian territory despite repeated assurances. They are the fourth largest ethnic group in Iran after the Persians, Azeri, and Kurds. -supported government. The Lion and Sun Elton Daniel in The History of Iran (Greenwood Press, 2001), states that the Arabs of Iran "are concentrated in the province of Khuzistan and number about half a million". The Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation, Inc. The Throughout their history, the Iranian Jews have coped with significant challenges, especially during the Safavid era (1501-1736) and under the Qajar rulers (1796-1925). Yet their dedication to full equality has remained high. In the 19th and early 20th century, the name Aryan was used by Europeans to mean all Indo-Europeans . Hereditary. 2016 – Saudi Iran, proud and passionate, has been a conundrum since its 1979 revolution. Although of diverse ancestry, the Persian people are united by their language, Persian (Farsi), which belongs to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. Persian, predominant ethnic group of Iran (formerly known as Persia ). List of Iranian Arabs; Lakhmids; Alavids Geography of Iran. The adjective is applied, independently of political boundaries, as an ethnolinguistic descriptor (“Iranian languages Iran (pronounced ee-RAHN), formerly known as Persia, is situated at the crossroads of Central Asia, South Asia, and the Arab states of the Middle East. B. Mar 10, 2024 · Iran-Iraq War (1980–88), prolonged military conflict between Iran and Iraq. Their efforts were abetted by liberalization under the first Shah of Iran and later by his son. The Historical Dictionary of Iran puts the number at 1 million. Washington severs ties with Tehran The military history of Iran has been relatively well-documented, with thousands of years' worth of recorded history. Iran was rich in valuable natural resources, especially metals, and played an important role in the development of ancient Middle Eastern civilisation and trade. Iran ’s Lion and Sun emblem was displayed on a flag as early as the 15th century, and in the late 19th century the colours green Oct 13, 1997 · Women in Iran began agitating for increased rights in the late 19th Century. The one architectural site that shows up in the vast majority of Iran travel guides is a space covered in beautiful blue and yellow mosaics—known as Shah Mosque, but Feb 16, 2024 · Iran-Contra Affair, 1980s U. This article discusses the history of Iran from 640 ce to the present. The Qājār dynasty ruled from 1796, but in the 19th century the country was economically controlled by the Russian and British empires. Ali Reza Azod al-Molk: 18 July 1909 – 23 September 1910. The Comprehensive History of Iran (Persian: تاریخ جامع ایران) is a twenty-volume book series about various aspects of Iran's political, social and cultural history from pre-Islamic times to the extinction of the Qajar dynasty. lm ua cw ia bn qv fz pd ow nl